Anthropogenic intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Short-duration (1–3 h) rainfall extremes can cause serious damage to societies through rapidly developing (flash) flooding and are determined by complex, multifaceted processes that altering as Earth’s climate warms. In this Review, we examine evidence from observational, theoretical modelling studies for the intensification of these extremes, drivers impact on flash flooding. Both short-duration long-duration (>1 day) intensifying with warming at a rate consistent increase in atmospheric moisture (~7% K−1), while some regions, increases extreme intensities stronger than expected alone. These local related feedbacks convective clouds, but their exact role is uncertain because very small scales involved. Future also modulated changes temperature stratification large-scale circulation. The latter remains major source uncertainty. Intensification has likely increased incidence scales, further compound an storm spatial footprint considerably total event rainfall. findings call urgent change adaptation measures manage increasing flood risks. complex affected climate. This Review assesses associated implications
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2662-138X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-00128-6